tnf

Macrophage cells exposed to polyphenols on their own, for instance, showed more than 2.5 times as much TNF activity as they did in the face of a polyphenols-cysteine adduct.

As I mentioned earlier, inflammation also seems to be involved, and there are a number of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, and TNF, among others, that seem to play a role.