Present Participle (-ing form)

Rules for conjugating English verbs in different tenses

Present Participle (-ing form)
PatternRuleExamples
+ ingMost verbs: add -ing
walkwalking
playplaying
helphelping
-e + ingVerbs ending in silent -e: drop e, add -ing
makemaking
comecoming
dancedancing
double + ingShort verbs (CVC pattern): double final consonant + -ing
runrunning
sitsitting
swimswimming
ie → yingVerbs ending in -ie: change to -ying
diedying
lielying
tietying

FAQ

What is verb conjugation in English?

Verb conjugation is the process of changing a verb's form to indicate tense, person, or number. In English, verbs conjugate for third person singular present (adds -s/-es), past tense (adds -ed or changes form), and present participle (adds -ing).

What is the present participle?

The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb (e.g., walking, running, swimming). It is primarily used to form continuous tenses (be + verb-ing, e.g., "I am reading"), indicating an action in progress. Additionally, present participles can function as adjectives (e.g., "an interesting book") or in participial phrases.

What is the difference between a present participle and a gerund?

Present participles and gerunds look exactly the same (both are verb + -ing), but they serve different grammatical functions. A present participle acts as an adjective or forms continuous tenses (e.g., "The running water," "She is running"), while a gerund functions as a noun (e.g., "Running is good exercise"). The key distinction: if the -ing form serves as a noun in the sentence, it's a gerund; if it acts as an adjective or forms a tense with a be verb, it's a present participle.

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